Coal can also be liquefied directly into liquid fuels through direct coal liquefaction (DCL) processes at around 450500 °C under 1530 MPa H 2 in a suitable solvent with appropriate catalysts [ 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 ].
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Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is a promising technology to convert coal into oil, especially for countries where coals dominate fossil energy resources [1]. ... Coal utilization processes and their application to waste recycling and biomass conversion. Fuel (1994) Wang et al. ... were prepared by a solidstate insitu impregnation and ...
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There remains an important need for economical coal and biomass to liquids conversion processes with reduced carbon dioxide emissions and efficient use of carbon resources. ... 1—CO 2 carbon capture and conversion to a biological material such as algae; 2—direct coal liquefaction (DCL); 3—indirect conversion of biomass and/or coal to ...
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The DCL process involves adding hydrogen (hydrogenation) to the coal, breaking down its organic structure into soluble products. The reaction is carried out at elevated temperature and pressure (, 750 to 850°F and 1,000 to 2,500 psia) in the presence of a solvent. The solvent is used to facilitate coal extraction and the addition of hydrogen.
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How DCL differs from XTL. The principal alternative to XTL is direct coal liquefaction (DCL), which is the conversion of coal to liquids without the intervening step of producing synthesis gas. The primary DCL technology is hydroliquefaction, the reaction of coal with hydrogen and/or a hydrogendonor solvent, usually in the presence of a catalyst.
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Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and...
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Coal Liquefaction Technology and Status ... Coal Conversion Processes Carbonization and Pyrolysis Low severity (mild gasification) High temperature Direct Liquefaction ... Shenhua DCL Process ; Miller EIA 2007 03/28/07 Department of Energy ; 15 ;
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The growing demand for petroleum, accompanied by the declining petroleum reserves and the concerns over energy security, has intensified the interest in direct coal liquefaction (DCL), particularly in countries such as China which is rich in coal resources, but short of petroleum. In addition to a general introduction on the mechanisms and processes of DCL, this paper overviews some recent ...
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In recent years, the liquefaction potential of coals has been investigated to increase the yield of coal conversion processes and the quality of liquid fuels obtained from coal. However, the liquefaction process of coal and biomass materials known as coliquefaction has not been developed in Malaysia.
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For the most highly developed processes, coal conversion can be as high as 90% on a mineral ash free basis, with a C 5+ distillate yield up to 75% and hydrogen consumption of 57% wt. When an external catalyst is used, it is typically some combination of cobalt, nickel, and molybdenum on a solid acid support such as silicaalumina [].In slurry hydrogenation processes, catalyst lifetime is ...
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When considering the development of coal liquefaction process using syngas, in addition to the above typical processes, hydrothermal liquefaction process is a technology worthy of reference. Hydrothermal liquefaction [110], [111], [112] is an effective and emerging technology that can convert both coals and biomass containing high moisture ...
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Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
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Coal. Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) and indirect coal liquefaction (ICL) are the two prominent processes for coaltomethanol conversion. DCL primarily involves thermal breaking of the polymeric coal structure at elevated temperatures with subsequent hydrogenation of the fragments to generate lighter molecules.
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Transcript and Presenter's Notes. Title: Coal Conversion. 1. Coal Conversion Pathwayto Alternate Fuels. C. Lowell Miller. Director, Office of Sequestration, Hydrogen, and. Clean Coal Fuels. Office of Fossil Energy Department of Energy. 2007 EIA Energy Outlook Modeling and Data.
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The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing coal and biomass and applying CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology but at the cost of higher ...
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Direct Coal Liquefaction (DCL) commonly refers to catalytic hydrogenation of coal in a recycled oil solvent at high pressures with a catalyst. While a range of process configurations have been proposed, the most common version involves at least two high pressure slurry reactors in a series using a dispersed ironbased catalyst and hydrogen ...
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Other thermochemical conversion technologies are under development for coprocessing biomass and fossil fuels. During the coliquefaction of coal with biomass, lower liquefaction temperature of coal and higher liquid products yield than those predicted by mathematic models are obtained as a result of the synergetic effect.
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The use of highcarbonbased feeds to produce alternative fuels and valueadded chemicals is discussed. Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
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Abstract: This chapter focuses on liquefaction of solids, primarily coal and biomass sources such as lignin. In a twostep process the molecular structure is broken into fragments and hydrogenated, increasing the hydrogentocarbon ratio and preventing retrogressive reactions. Solvents solubilize smaller molecular weight components and promote hydrogenation; catalyst improves hydrogenation ...
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The separate characterization of biomass, coal, and their respective chars aimed at identifying the effect of sodium during different stages of combustion. ... Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is a main pathway for converting lowrank coals into energy via thermochemical transformation [713], and DCL technology refers to conversion of solid ...
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Coal liquefaction conversion to tetralinsoluble products was determined by changes in ash content in the partially reacted coal relative to that of the unreacted coal. ... A Novel Process of Biomass Gasification for HydrogenRich Gas with Solid Heat Carrier: Preliminary Experimental Results. ... (DCL) processes and technology for coal and ...
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Keywords: direct coal liquefaction (DCL); processes; influencing factors; coal pretreatment; catalysts; coliquefaction; biomass 1. Introduction Due to the rapid increase in demand for petroleum and its declining reserves, the concern over energy security has intensified the interest in coal liquefaction, especially for those countries which are
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ICL includes two steps; in the first step, coal is converted into syngas ( Coal+H2OCO+H2), and during the last step, syngas is synthesized in the presence of a catalyst into liquid fuels.
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Generally, Fig. 1 shows the distinct difference between the direct and indirect liquefaction processes. Importantly, DCL consists of many steps for the conversion of coal to PA (preasphaltenes) and AS (asphaltenes), and subsequently to gas, oil, and residue [60]. Download : Download highres image (180KB) Download : Download fullsize image ...
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catalyst in the DCL of Shenhua coal at 400 °C. and MPa H. 2. resulted in a coal conversion and (gas + oil) yield, up to % and %, respectively, much higher than those obtained with FeS ...
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Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) commonly refers to catalytic hydrogenation of coal in a recycled oil solvent at high pressures with a catalyst. While a range of process configurations have been proposed, the most common version involves at least two high pressure slurry reactors in a series using a dispersed ironbased catalyst and hydrogen ...
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Direct coal liquefaction (DCL) is a suitable way of producing synthetic fuels from lowrank coals, especially when the wastederived materials are coprocessed during the process.
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Direct liquefaction (DCL) processes and technology for coal and biomass conversion. Burgess Clifford C., SongC., in Advances in Clean Hydrocarbon Fuel ... It is anticipated that in future thermal conversion will play an increasingly important role for biomass, coal and organic waste conversion. The topic of direct coal liquefaction was ...
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Various metal compounds have been used to catalyze the process. This type of CTL technology is called direct coal liquefaction (DCL). DCL technology involves making a partially refined synthetic crude oil directly from coal, which is then further refined into synthetic gasoline and diesel as well as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
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Basic conversion chemistry, chemical structures of coal and lignin biomass are discussed, followed by process technologies for direct liquefaction, liquid quality, process control and modeling, advantages and limitations, and future trends.
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The environmental footprint of coal liquefaction processes can usually be reduced by coprocessing coal and biomass and applying CO 2 capture and storage (CCS) technology but at the cost of higher ...
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The liquefaction process of coal and biomass materials, which is known as "Coliquefaction", has not been developed in Malaysia. The yields and quality (especially H/C ratio) of the liquid products obtained from coal under less severe liquefaction conditions (at lower temperature and pressure) can be improved with coliquefaction of coal ...
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1Solidhydrocarbonfuelprocessingandtechnology103 4 Directliquefaction (DCL)processes andtechnology forcoalandbiomass conversion105 C. BurgessCliffordandC.
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