Sintering is a thermal agglomeration process that is applied to a mixture of iron ore fines, recycled ironmaking products, fluxes, slagforming agents, and solid fuel (coke). The purpose of the sintering process is manufacturing a product with the suitable characteristics (thermal, mechanical, physical and chemical) to be fed to the blast furnace.
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iron processing, use of a smelting process to turn the ore into a form from which products can be fashioned. Included in this article also is a discussion of the mining of iron and of its preparation for smelting. Iron (Fe) is a relatively dense metal with a silvery white appearance and distinctive magnetic properties.
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The partial pressure of oxygen is an important parameter that influences the formation of various mineralogical phases in the sinter. Researchers [8, 13,14,15,16] have established the desired oxygen partial pressure to achieve optimum SFCA phase in iron ore sinter and the influence of SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, MgO, and dependency on temperature and partial pressure of oxygen is indicated ...
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Due to the fierce competition among iron and steel industries, improvement in sinter quality has already become a hot topic in ironmaking process. Sinter ore with superior strength and reducibility promotes the smooth running of blast furnace and decreases the consumption of fuel [, ]. Complex calcium ferrite, which also named silicoferrite of ...
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SYNOPSIS. Iron ore fines are agglomerated to produce sinter, which is an important feed material for blast furnaces worldwide. A model of the iron ore sintering process has been developed with the objective of being representative of the sinter pot test, the standard laboratory process in which the behaviour of specific sinter feed mixtures is evaluated.
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Sinter is the first process in the whole ironmaking industry, which plays an important role in the iron and steel production process, and its energy consumption accounts for a large proportion of the entire ironmaking industry, reaching about 10%, which is the second largest energyconsuming process in the entire steel industry.
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problems in the sintering process as well as inthe blastfurnace ironmaking. 1 It is widely known that alkali metals like potassium and sodium cause operational problems in the iron blast furnace ...
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This section describes sintering process, analyzes its characteristics, and introduces the carbon efficiency and thermal state parameters. Iron Ore Sintering Process. DwightLloyd sintering machine is adopted in sintering process, as shown in Fig. qualified sinter produced by the sintering process is utilized in the blast furnace process [].
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Iron ore sintering Chemistry Physical characteristics Mineralogy Granulation Densification Introduction Sintering is a thermal process of converting loose fine particles into a solid coherent mass by heat and/or pressure without fully melting the particles to the point of melting.
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Sinter making is an agglomeration process of iron ore fines. As sizes of iron ore fines are very small, iron ores are converted into sinter before charging to Blast furnace. Quality of the sinter depends on different parameters namely raw material, gas flow, heat pattern in sinter bed and granulation of sintering.
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CaO, % Fe and % MgO. Thus, recycling of LD slag through the sintering process recovers lime, iron and magnesia and thereby saving of flux material and iron ore. Due to high content of CaO one can replace LD slag by limestone in sintering process. Detail investigation was carried out through lab scale
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Meanwhile, an iron ore sinter is a crucial material for the ironmaking process, and its chemical, physical, and metallurgical properties significantly impact the blast furnace (BF) performance. In turn, the main materials used for a sinter are iron ore fines, and their chemical compositions play a critical role in the sintering process. Due to ...
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Superhigh bed sintering process is an important development direction of iron ore sintering for its lower emission and higher yield. However, there is a lack of deep understanding of the uneven quality of superhigh bed sintering products, and the deterioration of reduction disintegration performance, the thickening of hearth layer and the reduction in energysaving effect are perplexing ...
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Impact of Biopellet on Sintering Temperature Profiles. Figure 3 shows the temperature profile observed during iron ore sintering process at different proportions of biopellet. With an increase in biopellet the maximum temperature within the sinter bed reduces. In the presence of biomass, the water content required to granulate the sinter raw mix to a moisture levels of 8% increased from 8 ...
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Agglomeration of ironore fines with particles sizes less than mm in a sinter plant is an integral part of the ironmaking process (Jankovic 2015; FernandezGonzalez et al. 2017).In a series of complex reactions between 1250 and 1350 °C, porous semimolten, centimetersized aggregates are formed containing ore particles (hematite and magnetite, constituting 40 to 70% vol.) cemented by a ...
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The raw materials for an integrated steelworks can be classified into four categories, which are iron ores, fluxes, fuels, and reverts. The characteristics of these raw materials strongly affect the metallurgical properties of iron ore sinter and sinter plant performance. An optimal ore blend design is therefore essential to produce low cost ...
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Sintering is a process by which a mixture of iron ores, fl uxes and coke is agglomerated in a sinter plant to manufacture a sinter product of a suitable composition, quality and...
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1 Introduction The sinter mix contains various materials such as iron ore, flux, solid fuel, plant return sinter fines, plant generated wastes, etc., where the majority of it is iron ore.
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Iron making. The primary objective of iron making is to release iron from chemical combination with oxygen, and, since the blast furnace is much the most efficient process, it receives the most attention here. Alternative methods known as direct reduction are used in over a score of countries, but less than 5 percent of iron is made this way.
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The sintering process is a thermal agglomeration process, and it is accompanied by chemical reactions. In this process, a mixture of iron ore fines, flux, and coal particles is heated to about 1300 °C1480 °C in a sinter bed. The strength and reducibility properties of iron ore sinter are obtained by liquid phase sintering.
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The target basicity of iron ore sinter is set by blast furnace slag composition requirements, and therefore varies with the proportion of acid burden such as lump iron ore and pellets. Increasing the lump proportion of the burden will increase the target sinter basicity. The mineralogy of sinter produced with a range of basicity between and was analysed using optical point counting ...
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The selective granulation process is a new sintering process for high alumina iron ore fines, and can eliminate the adverse effects of 'hard to sinter' or 'unsuitable for ironmaking' ores.
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Sintering is a crucial process in integrated steel plants where a mixture of iron ores, fluxes, and coke are fused to produce a sinter. During sintering, various mineral phases crystallize and bind the grains together, resulting in a strong sinter.
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Sinter Making. The iron ore fines (− 10 mm) are agglomerated using Dwight Lloyed sintering machine. The iron ore fines and coke breeze fines mix with moisture is fed on the sinter bed which is ignited by a gas burner to initiate sintering process. The hot sintered ore is discharged at the end of the machine. The energy consumption ...
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The coke combustion rate in an iron ore sintering process is one of the most important determining factors of quality and productivity. Biomass carbon material is considered to be a coke substitute with a lower CO2 emission in the sintering process. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combustion rate of a biomass carbon material and to use a sintering simulation model to calculate ...
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Ore Sintering. The aim of the MEBIOS process is the formation of a ventilation route in the sintering bed by creating a lowdensity area around the large pellets arising from a kind of wall effect and suppression of sinter bed shrinkage due to support of the load by the dense large pellets in the upper part of the sinter bed. From: Iron Ore, 2015.
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